Parasites exhibit complex life cycles: Many parasites require multiple hosts to complete their life cycles, showcasing intricate strategies for survival and reproduction.
Fungal mind control in ants: The fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis infects jungle ants, manipulating their behavior to climb plants and secure themselves for the fungus to thrive.
Color manipulation in flamingos: Flamingos derive their pink color from shrimp infected with the tapeworm Flamingolepis lingua, which alters the shrimp’s appearance to attract the birds.
Butterflies deceive ants: The large blue butterfly larvae mimic ant larvae, tricking ants into caring for them instead of their own young.
Ants transformed into bait: The nematode parasite Myrmeconema neotropicum alters infected ants’ appearance to resemble berries, making them more appealing to birds.
Snails manipulated for predation: The parasite Leucochloridium paradoxum causes infected snails to display pulsating eye stalks, attracting birds for consumption.
Rodent behavior altered by Toxoplasma: The parasite Toxoplasma gondii modifies the behavior of infected rodents, making them less fearful of cats, thereby increasing their chances of being preyed upon.